Herbal Medicine for Preppers: Bugle Weed

[00:00:01] Hey y'all, welcome to this week's show. Today we're going to talk about really one of my favorite herbs. I know I say that about a lot of herbs, but this is one that I look forward to every year. It's called bugleweed. But the first thing we need to make clear is that there are several plants called bugle or bugleweed. This is Ajuga reptans. Now, that's A-J-U-G-A-R-E-P-T-A-N-E.

[00:00:32] It is considered a weed, even though it really shouldn't be. It's an incredibly useful plant. It, well, depending on where you live, it may be in flower right now. In the mountains of North Carolina, it has not yet come into bloom. It may be just starting, actually. There was some, well, just two days ago I found a patch of Self-Heal Prunella, which is in the same family. These are both in the mint family. And it was blooming very nicely. It was ready to harvest.

[00:00:59] But I haven't run into any patches of bugle in the mountains yet. In central eastern part of North Carolina, it's already come and gone. It is often planted, if people plant it intentionally, as a ground cover. It doesn't need a lot of sun. In fact, it really does better in partial shade or even heavy shade. It grows well in most soils, even the acidic soils, like in the sand hills in North Carolina.

[00:01:26] It'll grow very abundantly. And being in the mint family, it does spread. It not only spreads by seeds, but it sends out little runners. And it makes a great ground cover. I mean, it will grow up to, I don't know, maybe the highest one I've ever seen is maybe six inches tall. And then that's just the flowering head. The flowering stalk is the part we harvest medicinally. That dies back very quickly. It's only in bloom for maybe a month. That would really be stretching it.

[00:01:53] And after that, it's just this nice green, kind of purplish sometimes, ground cover. If you think, if you've seen like a low ground cover in, you know, partial shade that's deep, dark green, or if it gets enough sun, it turns purple, that's probably a Juga. Now, there are a few other plants that do have that purplish color. There's alum root, another excellent medicinal herb.

[00:02:22] There is, well, Colt's foot. Well, not really. What's what I'm thinking? Not Colt's foot. Is it Glychoma? It doesn't really matter. There's, oh, one other on the tip of my tongue, Perilla. Perilla is also in the mint family. It is known as beefsteak plant in Japanese cooking. It's really a neat one. It's, I don't know that it's necessarily up yet. I think it needs a little like hotter weather. It spreads as well. So people consider it weedy.

[00:02:52] I really love Perilla as an edible plant. It does have some medicinal qualities, but it's really weird in that it kind of tastes like cinnamon or cloves. So, you know, you could throw it in with some pickles if you're making sort of like semi-sweet or sweet pickles. Really good. You can add a little to a salad just for like an interesting taste. A little strong on its own to eat a full serving of it.

[00:03:18] But, yeah, as far as the purplish plants, the only one, I mean, the flower of wild ginger is purple. The leaves really aren't. Elhoof. Elhoof was what I was trying to remember. It can get a little purplish tint sometimes. But, so we're narrowing this down. All but, what, two of these are in the mint family. And bugleweed is normally this very, very, very dark green. But, the sun will turn it a little purplish.

[00:03:47] So, look it up. You've probably seen this plant everywhere. It may be growing in your yard right now. Because it's spreading nature and people want these like perfect golf course type lawns, people try to spray it with Roundup and get rid of it. But, much better to use this herb. It is actually edible. But, it's very bitter. It is among the most bitter of the mints. I guess the most bitter of the mints would probably be Whorehound.

[00:04:15] If you've ever had Whorehound candy, well, I don't know if you can imagine what it would taste like without the sugar in it. Whorehound is very, very bitter. Bugle is not quite as bitter as Whorehound. And, Whorehound in the right conditions can also get a purplish tint. So, that may have something to do with the bitterness of the plant in the mint family. But then again, the perilla is really not bitter at all. It's actually kind of sweet. So, I don't know. I don't know what actually does that. I'm not a botanist.

[00:04:45] I'm an herbalist. But, anyway. So, for many, Bugle is just an attractive flower. And, it has really pretty blue flowers when it blooms. It's really, though, one of the most interesting bitter herbs I have discovered. Like I said, mostly known as a ground cover with purple leaves. The spike of flowers just shoots up overnight, it seems like. And, it has these pretty blue flowers on it. And, it's obviously a mint. It's got the square stems.

[00:05:15] The leaves are alternate. And, then it has those nice little blue flowers. There aren't all that many plants that have blue flowers. Now, the mints can be blue or kind of pink or a little purple. But, they always have a nice color to them. I can't think of one. Maybe one that has a white flower. But, I mean, just about every one I'm thinking of right now. From skullcap to peppermint just has a blue flower. At least where I'm, yeah. Well, spearmint in my yard.

[00:05:44] And, mountain apple mint. They rarely have ever flowers. So, I'm having trouble remembering exactly what those flowers look like. But, like the prunella, the self-heal, certainly the bugle. So many. There's so many mints. There's so many herbs in the mint family. But, that square stem and the opposite leaves. That means one leaf directly opposite from the other. Are how you identify anything in the mint family. It's one of the easiest families, if not the easiest, to identify.

[00:06:14] There are no truly poisonous mints that I know of. Water mint and peppermint can be very strong. That's peppermint that's grown from cuttings. It never gets that strong in the volatile oil from seed. But, water mint and pennyroyal would probably be the two most naturally strong in the volatile oils. In very high amounts, they could be a little toxic. They could cause a miscarriage. You don't want to do that.

[00:06:42] I think I've told you the story that one of the only documented deaths from herbal medicine in America was about 100 years ago. A woman tried to use pennyroyal essential oil to induce an abortion. And, ended up bleeding to death from all her orifices. And, yes, it can be that strong. But, remember, that's essential oil. Essential oil is not the natural form of the plant.

[00:07:08] It's at least 100, if not 1,000 times stronger than anything you would eat in nature. So, generally, if you're pregnant and you have a couple peppermint candies or some chocolate chip mint ice cream, no big deal, right? But, remember, in medicinal doses, it's going to be much stronger. So, a strong tincture of mint or anything in that family should really be avoided. But, that also includes basil. Basil is in the mint family.

[00:07:36] I think oregano is in the mint family, if I'm not mistaken. I know thyme is. All of those in medicinal doses are very strong herbs. Lemon balms in the mint family, it has qualities somewhat like ajuga. We'll get into that in a second. But, these are herbs that people eat or use. You know, throw a few basil leaves in your marinara sauce. You know, it's not going to hurt you. But, you've got to remember, there is a difference between culinary use and medicinal use.

[00:08:06] And, keep that in mind. But, anyway, bugle is highly adaptable. It grows in many places. But, like I said, it spreads. Some people think it's weedy. So, not long ago, and we're really talking just in the past few hundred years, bugle was considered one of the most important medicinal herbs. But, for reasons unknown, it's fallen out of use and few herbalists even know about it.

[00:08:32] I'm really one of the only ones that writes and talks a lot about bugleweed. You would think that, I mean, it's a bitter herb. It benefits the liver and digestion. And, so, you'd think it would be, you know, pretty popular. So, especially because it can heal wounds so effectively. The soldiers used to carry it into battle. So, imagine that. You've got a plant that is good for the liver.

[00:08:57] That is good for all manner of indigestion, stomach issues of any kind, from burping to diarrhea and everything in between. It stimulates the appetite. It can regulate the heart rate. Yes, it actually has the ability to slow and regulate the heart rate. It lowers blood pressure and calms respiration, relaxes the muscles and helps with sleep, and it can be thrown into a salad and eaten as a salad grain.

[00:09:28] You would think it would be really popular, especially since that, like, lowering the heart rate, lowering the blood pressure, relaxing. It almost has the same effect to, like, a couple of glasses of wine. I mean, you would think this would be one of the most popular herbs around, right? You know, several members of the mint family, like Skullcap and, what was it I mentioned just a minute ago, Lemon Balm, are known for this effect, that relaxing effect. They call it a narcotic effect, but don't let that scare you. It's not drug-like.

[00:09:58] That just means it slows the heart rate and lowers respiration, relaxes the muscles. It's actually really nice. It's very, very pleasant. In fact, Bugle was once used as a bittering agent in beer, and if you know much about beer brewing and hops, hops have the same effect. Bugle's a little bit stronger, I would say, in its relaxing effect than hops. Really stronger than Skullcap. Skullcap is really popular. Yeah, I mean, you know, whatever.

[00:10:29] People just forgot about it. But 14th century, England. This is how popular it was. Nicholas Culpepper said, This herb belongeth to Venus. Now, he always tried to assign an herb to a planet. I don't get all that. But he said, If the virtues of it make you fall in love with it, as they will if ye be wise. Keep a syrup of it to take inwardly, an ointment and a plaster to use outwardly,

[00:10:58] and let it always be by you. Yes, literally one of the most popular herbs. And he was an apothecist. He was putting the medicine together for physicians. And this is how highly he thought of what's now considered a despised weed. He says, The decoction of the leaves and flowers made in wine and taken dissolves the concealed blood of those that are bruised inwardly by a fall. So, yeah, it helps inwardly with bruising. Like I said, this was one of the soldier's herbs.

[00:11:25] You would carry bugle and yarrow, at the very least, into battle because they help, well, maybe some arnica as well, to help with bruising, to help with sprains and strains, to help close wounds and stop bleeding. Very, very important. Before we had, you know, antibiotics and all the kind of stuff we use now, butterfly bandages and duct tape. I mean, everything we can think of. I mean, you know, tampons in a bullet hole.

[00:11:54] I mean, they didn't have anything like that back then. What they had was yarrow and bugle and such as that. He said, It was good for outward wounds as well, especially stabs in the body and bowels. And it is especially a help for all wounds and for those that are liver-grown or have inflamed liver. It is wonderful when curing all manner of ulcers and sores,

[00:12:21] whether new or fresh or old or inveterate. Yea, even gangrenous and fistulas also, if the leaves bruised and applied, or their juice used to be washed and bathed the place, the same made into a lotion with some honey and alum cureth all sores of the mouth and gums, so they never be so foul or of long continuance, and worketh no less powerfully and effectually for such ulcers and sores as happen in the secret parts of men and women. So, sores on the genitals.

[00:12:50] Remember, the mint family is antimicrobial. It has antiseptic properties. So, yeah, it really, the stronger the mints, the more they tend to kill germs. Good, I mean, whether you've got a sore throat, you can take mint tea, or you've got a wound, and you're trying to prevent infection. Or, I mean, he's talking about a lot of inward injuries as well, internal bleeding even. And he says, being taken inwardly or outwardly applied,

[00:13:18] it helpeth those that have broken any bone or have a member out of joint. It really decreases inflammation and helps, like, tighten up a dislocated limb. As far as bone healing, I don't know. It could. Comfrey certainly has the ability to propagate protein tissue healing, tissue growth. Comfrey has been used for thousands of years for broken bones. And it's really, really good.

[00:13:47] I've told the story about how when I blew out my knee, I used comfrey and it healed. I mean, a friend of mine, a beaver trapper, blew out his knee at the same time. And he went through the full traditional American medical route. And a year later, was still getting physical therapy and fluid drained off his knee and mine healed in under six months just using comfrey and aspirin, essentially. Aspirin for the pain and inflammation and comfrey to heal up the joint. It's wonderful stuff. Amazing.

[00:14:16] It's called nit bone for a reason. An ointment made with the leaves of bugle and scabion. Scabion, if I remember correctly. It's in the lily family. That's an old word for it. I think it's now called scabious. You have to look that up. And sanical, which is another herb, bruised and boiled in hog's grease until the herbs be dry and then strained and put into a pot and say for such occasions as it shall require is singularly good for all sorts of hurts in the body.

[00:14:47] At none know its usefulness will be without it. None that know that its usefulness will be without it. I mean, he literally considered this like a cure-all herb. And I really like this herb. He said, the truth is, I have known this herb to cure some diseases of Saturn. Well, remember, he was also an astrologist and diseases of Saturn would be of the war-like quality. He's talking violent illnesses. You kind of have to decode

[00:15:16] his old language. You know, this was, what did I say, 1400s or so? No, he was 1500s. Yeah. 1500s, Protestant England and there was this kind of obsession with astrology and such as that that began to take off and yeah, he was part of that movement but he was a trained apothecist so his information on herbs is very good. He said,

[00:15:45] many times such as give themselves too much drinking are troubled with strange fancy, strange sights in the nighttime and some with voices and also with, yeah, I don't even know what that word is, a fillet, it doesn't matter but he's talking about hallucinations and troubled dreams and such as that and he said, I take the reason of this to be a melancholy made by drinking, by excessive drinking of strong liquor that disturbs the fancy and breeds imaginations. Well,

[00:16:14] we're talking delirium tremens and such. These I have known to be cured by taking two spoonfuls of the syrup of this herb after supper, two hours, and when you go to bed but whether this does it by sympathy or antipathy is some doubt. I know there is a great antipathy between Saturn and Venus so the warlike and the love God essentially so take that with a grain of salt but what it more likely is is the tonic effect of bugle on the liver.

[00:16:44] It's one of the best herbs for decreasing liver inflammation and for helping the liver process alcohol, process any toxins in the body. It's those toxins that build up and cause the delirium tremens, hallucinations, and all that. So, it's a liver calming herb that also helps with function. In terms of herbalism, that's how we would look at it because some herbs such as ginseng

[00:17:14] are liver stimulating herbs and if you're really, if your liver is on the last, on its end, at its end, over stimulating it can be harmful. Liver calming herbs such as bugle or milkweed can actually help heal the liver and help it recover while helping it process out those toxins from the bloodstream. So, they're really amazing herbs to know. Now,

[00:17:43] Gerard, back in Shakespeare's time, now this is going to be flowery language, I'm sorry, I know some of you love it and some of you hate it, but this is, you know, Elizabethan English. Let me get a sip of water here. He said, it is recommended, no, it is commended, same thing, against inward burstings and members torn, rent, and bruised, and as therefore it is put into potions that serve for that, in which it is such, of such virtue, that it can dissolve and wash away

[00:18:13] congealed blood and clotted blood. He quotes a French physician that said, he needed neither physician nor surgeon that hath bugle and sanicle. That's quite a statement. You know, this is Elizabethan England, there were a lot of wars going on, but he said, he needeth neither physician nor surgeon that hath bugle and sanicle. And they weren't like our modern wars with, you know, bullets actually designed not to do a lot

[00:18:42] of tissue damage. You were getting whacked in the head with a mace or stabbed with a sword. You know, they were pretty tough back then. Amazing. I was watching a program one time and it was about Wallace from Scotland, you know, Braveheart, and they were talking about, William Wallace, of course, the longbowmen of the time. They had these just incredible, you know, long bows made of yew and ash

[00:19:11] and as archers they were just unparalleled and they could shoot their arrows hundreds of yards in great batteries into the oncoming army. They exhumed some of the bowmen's remains and found that the bows were so heavy that their shoulder bones the actual bones of their shoulder and upper arm were enlarged and deformed. I mean, can you imagine how heavy those bows

[00:19:41] must have been? So even if you didn't get, you know, knocked off your horse in a jousting contest and internal bleeding and broken ribs if the thing didn't go right through you obviously, just firing the arrows just that right there would have been almost a Herculean feat if we looked at it in our time and the toll the toll I meant to say that took on the body on the joints

[00:20:10] on the muscles on the bones was incredible. I mean, they found all these healed fractures in the bones stress fractures and that's what caused the bones to sort of enlarge as they healed back you know, one at a time one at a time like they used to do with kids with polio you know, where their legs like one leg was shorter than the other they would break the bone let it heal break the bone let it heal and with every healing it would extend that bone just a little bit further you can imagine how painful that must have been

[00:20:40] well, maybe you can imagine I hope you never have to imagine but imagine for a minute William Wallace's time when they didn't have anesthesia they didn't have you know what we have now I mean, wow yeah seriously so he says the decoction being drunk and dissolveth clotted and congealed blood within the body healeth and maketh sound all wounds of the body both inward and outward

[00:21:09] the same openeth the stoppings of the liver and gall and is good against jaundice and fevers of long continuance the decoction cureth rotten ulcers and sores of the gums and mouth he said bugula that was what it was called then we now call it bugle is excellent in curing wounds and scratches the juice cureth the wounds ulcers and sores of the secret parts and the earth or the herb bruised and laid there on

[00:21:38] so you can use the crushed juice you can make a tincture of it you can bruise the herb and use it as a poultice skipping ahead several hundred years up to about I guess 1910 1920 brother Aloysius who was a great German herbalist seems like he actually came from Sweden originally but he studied the German tradition he said common bugle adjuga reptans recommended for jaundice hardening of the liver asthma ulceration of the lungs

[00:22:07] blockage of urine heavy bleeding blood spitting leukorrhea and dysentery it is also a depurative which means it detoxifies getting up to 1931 Miss Greve is the first one to really explain the cardiotonic properties of this plant slowing and regulating the heart rate and she said it was similar to digitalis but much weaker and safer which absolutely I am not going to go eat a leaf

[00:22:37] off a digitalis plant that will probably kill you it has killed many people kids grab a foxgub plant eat something off of it a leaf a flower they die okay the digitalis that we know now used for heart conditions is a synthetic version of the digitalis from the foxglove plant in just say up until I don't know maybe 1950 or so I mean so not even really that long ago it was an herbal preparation

[00:23:07] digitalis came from foxglove and because it is so strong and the strength of the digitalis in the foxglove can vary widely from plant to plant they basically decided that this one farm in Amish country would grow digitalis the same way in the same place every year and all the pharmacists in the United States use foxglove sourced from that one farm that one Amish farm I think was in Pennsylvania so that's

[00:23:37] how careful you have to be with digitalis lily of the valley is much safer much less strong but still could be poisonous if you mistake a lily of the valley plant for a ramp the ramps are in season 11 you know you gotta be careful don't pick up a lily of the valley because it could slow your heart rate to the point that it stops and you die bugle's not gonna do that no I guess if you took probably an essential oil absolutely you'd probably die from other reasons

[00:24:06] before that happened if you had a really super strong tincture and took a whole lot of it probably you know but just picking two or three sprigs the flowering stalks of bugle and eating them which is what I do on a daily basis when it's in flower I consider it a spring tonic you know good for the liver good for the blood good for the lungs good for everything right it just relaxes you just you're like oh like you just had a glass of wine that's all there is to it but anyway she said

[00:24:36] in herbal treatment and infusion of this plant is still considered very useful when arresting hemorrhages and is employed in coughs and spitting of blood incipient consumption that's tuberculosis and also in some biliary disorders liver issues using a wine glass full of the infusion now that's that's a tea and that's specifically one ounce of the dried herb to a pint of boiling water that's it in this action it rather resembles digitalis lowering the pulse and lessening its frequency

[00:25:05] it allays irritation and cough it equalizes the circulation and has been termed one of the mildest narcotics in the world and also the best it has also been considered good for the bad effects of excessive drinking she quotes an herbalist in 1832 that said the leaves may be advantageously used in inflexions and disorders as diarrhea essentially or it could be internal disorders of that

[00:25:35] kind as they do not like many other plants of the same value produce costiveness but rather operate as gentle laxatives in other words it won't cause you constipation it's not going to dry up your diarrhea to the point you're constipated he states that a coction of the herb has been employed for quincy in europe where the herb has been more employed as a remedy than this country so she's saying it's more popular in europe than in england at least by the 1930s so it was already starting to fall out of use for no

[00:26:05] apparent reason she says the roots have by some authorities been considered more stringent than the rest of the plant i can't i've never used the roots i don't know you know you have to experiment with that so it may be that the digitalis like compounds in bugle cause it to fall out of favor i should say plants bugle has a long history of use as a wound herb although it is little used today

[00:26:35] it is still considered to be very useful in arresting hemorrhages and also used in the treatment of coughs and spitting of blood in consumption or tuberculosis the plant contains digitalis like substances these are commonly found in digitalis species that's foxglove and used in treating heart complaints and is thought to possess heart tonic properties it has also been considered good for the treatment of excessive alcohol intake the whole plant is aromatic astringent and bitter the plant

[00:27:05] is usually applied externally it is harvested as it comes into flower in late spring and dried for later use it is also commonly used fresh in ointments and medicated oils a homeopathic remedy is made from the whole plant and it is widely used in various preparations against throat irritations and mouth ulcers the plant is said to be a narcotic hallucinogen that is known to have caused fatalities now that's the warning again I've used I've

[00:27:35] eaten a lot of bugleweed I mean every spring daily while it's in flower big handfuls of it I have never found it to be hallucinogenic in any way shape or form and as far as narcotic that's just it slows the heart rate and blood pressure but if it was taken in concentrated large amounts I have no doubt that it could cause fatality anything that affects the heart certainly could I did speak with a fellow

[00:28:05] who said that his mother-in-law now he's about 70 which would make his mother-in-law well just say around 100 right I mean she'd passed away but she had said that I guess back around 1900 you know marijuana was legal so you could go to the pharmacy and get opium morphine cocaine and all that they would actually smoke dried

[00:28:35] bugleweed flowers as an alternative whenever they didn't have money to get something like that from the pharmacy or they thought it was bad for them you know you gotta remember around 1900 those were very popular and there was no social stigma attached to what we consider drugs today so the effects of smoking the bugle were known around 1900 I don't think I've ever tried that

[00:29:05] probably won't actually but perhaps if you smoked it it would have some hallucinogenic quality I sincerely doubt it actually I think if anything it would have to be combined with certain members of the sage family the salvias which you may remember were kind of popular in the 90s early 2000s as sort of like a pot alternative but I'm not recommending that and I haven't explored it and I don't know anything about

[00:29:34] it but anyway I consider it to be a fairly safe herb used with common sense and in moderation but if someone were to just like you know go crazy over it yeah they could probably seriously hurt themselves you know so ending with that warning we'll heed the warning even though I have not found it to be at all hallucinogenic or strongly narcotic or anything of the sort as I said eating in three or four spikes of bugle flour have no more effect on me than like a glass of beer that's it

[00:30:05] now and it's actually too bitter to eat more of it so if someone were to actually consume enough of it they would have to make it into a concentrated form they would have to make a very strong tincture or try to get the essential oil or something like that and I have no doubt the essential oil just like it's other mint family relatives would probably be fatal with I mean really I mean if you were actually to take enough tincture to get really stoned out on it the amount of alcohol you were drinking on its own

[00:30:34] would probably do you and maybe the bugle would help your liver process it as you were drinking I don't know I'm not going to try that but anyway but remember anything that affects the heart you got to treat with respect but you know on the other hand this herb is so healing to alcohol damaged livers and according to a lot of old authors it would be used as a tea or something to help alcoholics get off of

[00:31:04] alcohol and heal themselves from drinking too much liquor so you know yeah I I think you could definitely have that potential and I think if used safely it could be fantastic I mean maybe people ought to really be looking into that but anyway as far as edibility it is quite edible its bitterness is similar to radicchio or chicory and I found chopping one or two flowery stalks with a few

[00:31:34] other herbs basil mint chives whatever you have fantastic in a salad give the mint well the mint family the bitterness of the mints and the bugle with the sweet lettuce and whatever dressing you use is pretty good but you know mellow it out with some cucumbers and celery maybe some carrot a little salt and pepper some blanched beans or asparagus capers olives blue cheese absolutely or you know homemade ranch dressing

[00:32:03] I think I've given you my ranch dressing recipe before if not email me I will it's in my omnivores guide cookbook and I think it's also in my spring foraging cookbook so if you have that on hand you can look it up I'll be glad to share it with you no problem you know I'm not big on eating a purely vegetable salad so I'm going to put in some bacon sardine smoked fish grilled beef or chicken boiled eggs obviously love the blue cheese dressing mustardy vinaigrette is always good that recipe is in my book too be glad to share it

[00:32:34] you have a little buttered sourdough bread with that couple glasses of wine I wouldn't put a lot of bugle in there maybe one or two stalks and have it for lunch take a nap this is going to be a real good meal especially with a couple glasses of wine to relax you and allow you to take a nice afternoon nap maybe on a Sunday afternoon just remember my standard disclaimer it's going to be on the end of the show but the biblical quote

[00:33:04] moderation in all things that's the key to health I think most any herb could be toxic in large amounts anything could be overdone but you know the Bible also said God made all things and declared them good so every plant has a use it just has to be used responsibly that's sort of our role as you know sentient thinking human beings stewards of the earth to use all things responsibly so I hope you found

[00:33:34] this one interesting obviously from a prepper standpoint if you've got an herb that grows like a weed and is probably free to you I mean nobody I've never known anybody to plant bugle seeds they just go pull some up where it's growing and stick in their yard and it eventually spreads right so you got herbs basically free to you has some limited edibility okay we'll just take that off

[00:34:12] heal a liver from liver damage or protect the liver I mean wow right I mean to me that is a no brainer that is an herb you want to be growing and learning how

[00:34:42] every year and grow some it's just fantastic so anyway y'all hope you have a wonderful week and I'll talk to you

[00:35:15] any advice I won't even claim that anything I write or say is accurate or true I can tell you what herbs have been traditionally used for I can tell you my own experience and if I

[00:35:45] shares and you don't even know about be careful with your health by continuing to listen to my podcast or read my blog you agree to